The exploration, production, and environmental biotechnology of petroleum are all topics covered in the Journal of Petroleum & Environmental Biotechnology. Petroleum exploration and production involves extracting hydrocarbons from the earth's underground reservoirs with the aid of several different disciplines, including petroleum geology, drilling, reservoir simulation, reservoir engineering, completions, and oil and gas facilities engineering. Crude oil or natural gas is two of the available forms of the hydrocarbons that were generated. Environmental engineering is a method for integrating science and engineering that can be used to enhance the quality of the environment, including the air, water, and land.

Selecting the proper methane fermenter is crucial when developing a biogas plant. The greatest option from a hydrodynamic and structural standpoint is an oval container. However, because of its high cost, this design is often only used in substantial sewage treatment plants. Similar in shape but less expensive is the Chinese fixed dome design. Although the hemispherical CAMARTEC design does not make the best use of the necessary drilling, it is designed for structural strength. Such a digester design can be simplified to incorporate a cylinder with conical top and bottom. They are significantly simpler to construct, and some of them are available off-the-shelf. The source of their drawback is the poor surface area to volume ratio.

The cylinder's height ought to match its diameter. Flattened bottles are quite common on farms since they are frequently a more affordable option for producing bio methane on a small scale. Due to the widespread usage of rectangular parallelepiped fermenters in batch feed systems, which are predominantly utilised for solids fermentation, fluid dynamics are not a major concern.

Fixed dome biogas plant

A closed dome-shaped cooking can with an immovable rigid gas holder, a replacement shaft, and an expansion tank make up the fixed dome system. The fermenter's top is where the gas is kept. The liquid fertiliser is pumped into the expansion tank once gas production starts. Gas pressure rises in direct proportion to the volume of gas held, or the height difference between the two sludge levels. Low gas pressure results from low gas volume in the gas tank.

Floating drum plant

A mobile gas holder and an underground fermenter make up the floating drum system. On top of the fermentation suspension or on its own water jacket, the gas holder floats. The gas is gathered in a gas drum that oscillates up and down based on the quantity of gas it contains.

Low cost polyethylene tube fermenter

The Low Cost Polyethylene Tube Stove type consists of a tubular polyethylene sheet (two layers of 300 microns) that has been curved around a 6 inch PVC drainage pipe enlarged on both ends and is wrapped with recycled inner tube rubber bands.